Doubly LinkList in C++, Object Oriented Programming, Data Structure in C++ Addition, Deletion, Search

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#include<iostream> using namespace std; struct node { node *next; int data ; node * prev; node () { data=0; next=prev=NULL; } } ; ////////////////////////////////////////////// class Dlinklist { node *head ,*tail ; public: Dlinklist() { head = tail =NULL; } void add_to_tail (); void add_to_head(); void del_from_tail(); void del_from_head(); void show_from_head(); void show_from_tail(); }; ///////////////////////////////////////// void Dlinklist::add_to_head() { node* temp = new node (); cout<<"Enter the value"<<endl; cin>>temp->data; if(head==0) { head=tail=temp; } else { temp->next =head; head->prev=temp; head=temp; } } ///////////////////////////////////////////////////// void Dlinklist::add_to_tail() { node* temp =new node(); cout<<"Enter the value"<<endl; cin>>temp->data; if( tail==0) { head=tail=temp; } else { tail->next=temp; temp->prev = tail; tail =temp ; } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////// void Dlinklist::del_from_head() { if (head==0) cout<<"Empty list"<<endl; else { node* temp =head; head=head->next; head->prev=0; delete temp; } } ////////////////////////////////////////////////// void Dlinklist::del_from_tail() { if(tail==0) { cout<<"Empty List"<<endl; } else { node* temp=tail; tail= tail->prev; tail->next = 0; delete temp; } } //////////////////////////////////////////////////// void Dlinklist::show_from_head() { node* temp = head; while(temp!=0) { cout<<endl<<temp->data; temp=temp->next; } } ////////////////////////////// void Dlinklist::show_from_tail() { node* temp = tail; while(temp!=0) { cout<<endl<<temp->data; temp=temp->prev; } } ////////////////////////// void main() { Dlinklist d1; int c; cout<<endl<<"---------MENU---------"<<endl; do{ cout<<"1. Add value to head"<<endl; cout<<"2. Add value to tail"<<endl; cout<<"3. Show values from head"<<endl; cout<<"4. Show values from tail"<<endl; cout<<"5. Delete values from head"<<endl; cout<<"6. Delete values from tail"<<endl; cout<<"Enter Your Choice"<<endl; cin>>c; switch(c) { case 1:d1.add_to_head();break; case 2:d1.add_to_tail();break; case 3:d1.show_from_head();break; case 4:d1.show_from_tail();break; case 5:d1.del_from_head();break; case 6: d1.del_from_tail(); break; default:cout<<"Invalid"<<endl;break; } } while(1); }

Easiest Implementation of AVL Tree in C++ Insertion, Deletion and Balancing AVL_Tree

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/* Write a C++ program to perform the following operations on AVL-trees: a) Insertion. b) Deletion. */ #include<iostream> #include<stdlib.h> using namespace std; #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define NULL 0 class AVL; class AVLNODE { friend class AVL; private: int data; AVLNODE *left,*right; int bf; }; class AVL { private: AVLNODE *root; public: AVLNODE *loc,*par; AVL() { root=NULL; } int insert(int); void displayitem(); void display(AVLNODE *); void removeitem(int); void remove1(AVLNODE *,AVLNODE *,int); void remove2(AVLNODE *,AVLNODE *,int); void search(int x); void search1(AVLNODE *,int); }; int AVL::insert(int x) { AVLNODE *a,*b,*c,*f,*p,*q,*y; int found,unbalanced; int d; if(root==0) //special case empty tree { y=new AVLNODE; y->data=x; root=y; root->bf=0; root->left=root->right=NULL; return TRUE; } //phase 1:locate insertion point for x.a keeps track of the most // recent node with balance factor +/-1,and f is the parent of a // q follows p through the tree. f=NULL; a=p=root; q=NULL; found=FALSE; while(p&&!found) { //search for insertion point for x if(p->bf) { a=p; f=q; } if(x<p->data) //take left branch { q=p; p=p->left; } else if(x>p->data) { q=p; p=p->right; } else { y=p; found=TRUE; } } //end while //phase 2:insert and rebalance.x is not in the tree and // may be inserted as the appropriate child of q. if(!found) { y = new AVLNODE; y->data=x; y->left=y->right=NULL; y->bf=0; if(x<q->data) //insert as left child q->left=y; else q->right=y; //insert as right child //adjust balance factors of nodes on path from a to q //note that by the definition of a,all nodes on this //path must have balance factors of 0 and so will change //to +/- d=+1 implies that x is inserted in the left // subtree of a d=-1 implies //to that x inserted in the right subtree of a. if(x>a->data) { p=a->right; b=p; d=-1; } else { p=a->left; b=p; d=1; } while(p!=y) if(x>p->data) //height of right increases by 1 { p->bf=-1; p=p->right; } else //height of left increases by 1 { p->bf=1; p=p->left; } //is tree unbalanced unbalanced=TRUE; if(!(a->bf)||!(a->bf+d)) { //tree still balanced a->bf+=d; unbalanced=FALSE; } if(unbalanced) //tree unbalanced,determine rotation type { if(d==1) { //left imbalance if(b->bf==1) //rotation type LL { a->left=b->right; b->right=a; a->bf=0; b->bf=0; } else //rotation type LR { c=b->right; b->right=c->left; a->left=c->right; c->left=b; c->right=a; switch(c->bf) { case 1: a->bf=-1; //LR(b) b->bf=0; break; case -1:b->bf=1; //LR(c) a->bf=0; break; case 0: b->bf=0; //LR(a) a->bf=0; break; } c->bf=0; b=c; //b is the new root } //end of LR } //end of left imbalance else //right imbalance { if(b->bf==-1) //rotation type RR { a->right=b->left; b->left=a; a->bf=0; b->bf=0; } else //rotation type LR { c=b->right; b->right=c->left; a->right=c->left; c->right=b; c->left=a; switch(c->bf) { case 1: a->bf=-1; //LR(b) b->bf=0; break; case -1:b->bf=1; //LR(c) a->bf=0; break; case 0: b->bf=0; //LR(a) a->bf=0; break; } c->bf=0; b=c; //b is the new root } //end of LR } //subtree with root b has been rebalanced and is the new subtree if(!f) root=b; else if(a==f->left) f->left=b; else if(a==f->right) f->right=b; } //end of if unbalanced return TRUE; } //end of if(!found) return FALSE; } //end of AVL INSERTION void AVL::displayitem() { display(root); } void AVL::display(AVLNODE *temp) { if(temp==NULL) return; cout<<temp->data<<" "; display(temp->left); display(temp->right); } void AVL::removeitem(int x) { search(x); if(loc==NULL) { cout<<"\nitem is not in tree"; return; } if(loc->right!=NULL&&loc->left!=NULL) remove1(loc,par,x); else remove2(loc,par,x); } void AVL::remove1(AVLNODE *l,AVLNODE *p,int x) { AVLNODE *ptr,*save,*suc,*psuc; ptr=l->right; save=l; while(ptr->left!=NULL) { save=ptr; ptr=ptr->left; } suc=ptr; psuc=save; remove2(suc,psuc,x); if(p!=NULL) if(l==p->left) p->left=suc; else p->right=suc; else root=l; suc->left=l->left; suc->right=l->right; return; } void AVL::remove2(AVLNODE *s,AVLNODE *p,int x) { AVLNODE *child; if(s->left==NULL && s->right==NULL) child=NULL; else if(s->left!=NULL) child=s->left; else child=s->right; if(p!=NULL) if(s==p->left) p->left=child; else p->right=child; else root=child; } void AVL::search(int x) { search1(root,x); } void AVL::search1(AVLNODE *temp,int x) { AVLNODE *ptr,*save; int flag; if(temp==NULL) { cout<<"\nthe tree is empty"; return; } if(temp->data==x) { cout<<"\nthe item is root and is found"; par=NULL; loc=temp; par->left=NULL; par->right=NULL; return; } if( x < temp->data) { ptr=temp->left; save=temp; } else { ptr=temp->right; save=temp; } while(ptr!=NULL) { if(x==ptr->data) { flag=1; cout<<"\nitemfound"; loc=ptr; par=save; } if(x<ptr->data) ptr=ptr->left; else ptr=ptr->right; } if(flag!=1) { cout<<"\nitem is not there in tree"; loc=NULL; par=NULL; cout<<loc; cout<<par; } } void main() { AVL a; int x,y,c; char ch; do { cout<<"\n1.insert"; cout<<"\n2.display"; cout<<"\n3.delete"; cout<<"\n4.search"; cout<<"\n5.exit"; cout<<"\nEnter u r choice to perform on AVL tree"; cin>>c; switch(c) { case 1:cout<<"\nEnter an element to insert into tree"; cin>>x; a.insert(x); break; case 2:a.displayitem(); break; case 3:cout<<"\nEnter an item to deletion"; cin>>y; a.removeitem(y); break; case 4:cout<<"\nEnter an element to search"; cin>>c; a.search(c); break; case 5:exit(0); break; default :cout<<"\nInvalid option try again"; } cout<<"\ndo u want to continue"; cin>>ch; } while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y'); }

Fastest and Simplest Binary Search Tree in C++, Data Structure and Algorithm C++ Program

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//Binary Search Tree Program #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; class BinarySearchTree { private: struct tree_node { tree_node* left; tree_node* right; int data; }; tree_node* root; public: BinarySearchTree() { root = NULL; } bool isEmpty() const { return root==NULL; } void print_inorder(); void inorder(tree_node*); void print_preorder(); void preorder(tree_node*); void print_postorder(); void postorder(tree_node*); void insert(int); void remove(int); }; // Smaller elements go left // larger elements go right void BinarySearchTree::insert(int d) { tree_node* t = new tree_node; tree_node* parent; t->data = d; t->left = NULL; t->right = NULL; parent = NULL; // is this a new tree? if(isEmpty()) root = t; else { //Note: ALL insertions are as leaf nodes tree_node* curr; curr = root; // Find the Node's parent while(curr) { parent = curr; if(t->data > curr->data) curr = curr->right; else curr = curr->left; } if(t->data < parent->data) parent->left = t; else parent->right = t; } } void BinarySearchTree::remove(int d) { //Locate the element bool found = false; if(isEmpty()) { cout<<" This Tree is empty! "<<endl; return; } tree_node* curr; tree_node* parent; curr = root; while(curr != NULL) { if(curr->data == d) { found = true; break; } else { parent = curr; if(d>curr->data) curr = curr->right; else curr = curr->left; } } if(!found) { cout<<" Data not found! "<<endl; return; } // 3 cases : // 1. We're removing a leaf node // 2. We're removing a node with a single child // 3. we're removing a node with 2 children // Node with single child if((curr->left == NULL && curr->right != NULL)|| (curr->left != NULL && curr->right == NULL)) { if(curr->left == NULL && curr->right != NULL) { if(parent->left == curr) { parent->left = curr->right; delete curr; cout<<" Item Deleted"<<endl; } else { parent->right = curr->right; delete curr; cout<<" Item Deleted"<<endl; } } else // left child present, no right child { if(parent->left == curr) { parent->left = curr->left; delete curr; cout<<" Item Deleted"<<endl; } else { parent->right = curr->left; delete curr; cout<<" Item Deleted"<<endl; } } return; } //We're looking at a leaf node if( curr->left == NULL && curr->right == NULL) { if(parent->left == curr) parent->left = NULL; else parent->right = NULL; delete curr; cout<<" Item Deleted"<<endl; return; } //Node with 2 children // replace node with smallest value in right subtree if (curr->left != NULL && curr->right != NULL) { tree_node* chkr; chkr = curr->right; if((chkr->left == NULL) && (chkr->right == NULL)) { curr = chkr; delete chkr; cout<<" Item Deleted"<<endl; curr->right = NULL; } else // right child has children { //if the node's right child has a left child // Move all the way down left to locate smallest element if((curr->right)->left != NULL) { tree_node* lcurr; tree_node* lcurrp; lcurrp = curr->right; lcurr = (curr->right)->left; while(lcurr->left != NULL) { lcurrp = lcurr; lcurr = lcurr->left; } curr->data = lcurr->data; delete lcurr; cout<<" Item Deleted"<<endl; lcurrp->left = NULL; } else { tree_node* tmp; tmp = curr->right; curr->data = tmp->data; curr->right = tmp->right; delete tmp; cout<<" Item Deleted"<<endl; } } return; } } void BinarySearchTree::print_inorder() { inorder(root); } void BinarySearchTree::inorder(tree_node* p) { if(p != NULL) { if(p->left) inorder(p->left); cout<<" "<<p->data<<" "; if(p->right) inorder(p->right); } else return; } void BinarySearchTree::print_preorder() { preorder(root); } void BinarySearchTree::preorder(tree_node* p) { if(p != NULL) { cout<<" "<<p->data<<" "; if(p->left) preorder(p->left); if(p->right) preorder(p->right); } else return; } void BinarySearchTree::print_postorder() { postorder(root); } void BinarySearchTree::postorder(tree_node* p) { if(p != NULL) { if(p->left) postorder(p->left); if(p->right) postorder(p->right); cout<<" "<<p->data<<" "; } else return; } int main() { BinarySearchTree b; int ch,tmp,tmp1; while(1) { cout<<endl<<endl; cout<<" Binary Search Tree Operations "<<endl; cout<<" ----------------------------- "<<endl; cout<<" 1. Insertion/Creation "<<endl; cout<<" 2. In-Order Traversal "<<endl; cout<<" 3. Pre-Order Traversal "<<endl; cout<<" 4. Post-Order Traversal "<<endl; cout<<" 5. Removal "<<endl; cout<<" 6. Exit "<<endl; cout<<" Enter your choice : "; cin>>ch; switch(ch) { case 1 : cout<<" Enter Number to be inserted : "; cin>>tmp; b.insert(tmp); break; case 2 : cout<<endl; cout<<" In-Order Traversal "<<endl; cout<<" -------------------"<<endl; b.print_inorder(); break; case 3 : cout<<endl; cout<<" Pre-Order Traversal "<<endl; cout<<" -------------------"<<endl; b.print_preorder(); break; case 4 : cout<<endl; cout<<" Post-Order Traversal "<<endl; cout<<" --------------------"<<endl; b.print_postorder(); break; case 5 : cout<<" Enter data to be deleted : "; cin>>tmp1; b.remove(tmp1); break; case 6 : return 0; } } }